| Size & color | Large, usually black (some reddish-black) | Small, dark brown to black | Small, dark brown to black, grooved head | Tiny, pale yellow to light brown |
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| Where they nest | Damp or damaged wood, wall voids, porch posts, trees | Wall voids, under floors, mulch, under stones | Under slabs, sidewalks and patio pavers | Warm hidden spots inside — walls, behind appliances |
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| What you notice | Ants at night, sawdust piles, rustling in walls | Long trails to sweets, coconut smell | Sand piles along slab cracks | Trails in apartments, bathrooms and kitchens |
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| Damage | Can hollow out wood over time | Contaminate food, no structural damage | Contaminate food, no structural damage | Contaminate food; hard to control in multi-unit buildings |
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| Spraying? | Doesn't reach the nest | Can split the colony | Kills foragers only | Can cause the colony to split and spread |
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